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A persons gender is either male or female as determined by their chromosome structure.
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Anthropologically speaking, "gender" is defined by one's chosen manner of presenting him or herself to the world; it is more cultural than biological. "Sex" is the biologically determined aspect of maleness or femaleness. Both categories are not always either/or, either. Not everyone uses the word "gender" this way, but I think it helps to make the distinction from mere "sex" when considering how complex cultures can be in defining what sorts of behaviours, clothes, choice of language, are either "male" or "female."
