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Do we really look so lowly upon ourselves as a species that we need to be constantly kept in check so we don't go off raping and killing each other?
In prehistoric times, before religion, law, and government, we obviously weren't living a chaotic lifestyle of rape, murder, and pillaging. That would be completely unsustainable and with the population levels so low, humans would have been wiped out within a few centuries.
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However, I would think that prehistoric mans behavior was more 'animistic' back then. I would gather that small groups would raid other small groups for their women and resources whenever they came upon them. Once the smaller groups became larger and larger, there needed to be more control over this tendency and if a group had enough resources then they had the power to enforce that.
Moral codes were created for group survival.