It's called the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Profile, 2nd ed.). I haven't had a copy of the test since gradual school, unfortunately. It tests for some serious pathology, as well as determines whether you're lying to make yourself look good or bad. Even though it's a fill in the circle scansheet, and a big printout pops out of the scoring computer, it has to be administered and interpreted by a psychologist. It's about the $$.
The usual 'personality typing' tests are called "Myers-Briggs" or "Jung" Type tests.
Here are some to get you started.