July 21
356 BC – The
Temple of Artemis, in Ephesus, one of the
Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
365 – A tsunami devastates the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The tsunami was caused by the
Crete earthquake, which was estimated to be magnitude 8.5 or higher. Five thousand people perished in Alexandria, and 45,000 more died outside the city.
1798 –
Battle of the Pyramids takes place.
1861 – In the
First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle in the American Civil War, the Confederate Army under
Joseph E. Johnston and
P. G. T. Beauregard routed Union Army troops under
Irvin McDowell.
1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri,
Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
1873 – At Adair, Iowa,
Jesse James and the
James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the
American Old West.
1904 –
Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter
Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
1918 –
U-156 shells Nauset Beach, in Orleans, Massachusetts.
1919 – The dirigible
Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
1925 –
Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher
John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
1925 –
Sir Malcolm Campbell, father of
Donald Campbell, becomes the first man to break the 150 mph (241 km/h) land barrier at Pendine Sands in Wales. He drove a
Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h).
1944 – World War II:
Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam starting the battle. It would end on August 10.
World War II:
Claus von Stauffenberg and fellow conspirators are executed in Berlin, Germany, for
the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the
North Atlantic Treaty.
1959 –
NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's
"Atoms for Peace" initiative.
1959 –
Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate.
1969 - The Beatles started work on the John Lennon song '
Come Together' at Abbey Road studios in London.
1970 – After 11 years of construction, the
Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
1972 – The Troubles:
Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.
1983 – The
world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at
Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (
−128.6 °F).
1987 -
Guns N’ Roses released their debut album on Geffen Records:
Appetite For Destruction featured the singles '
Welcome to the Jungle', '
Sweet Child o' Mine', and '
Paradise City'. The album now has worldwide sales in excess of 28 million, 18 million of which are in the US, making it the best-selling debut album of all time there.
2005 –
21 July 2005 London Bombings takes place.
2011 – NASA's
Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of
Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission
STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
2012 –
Erden Eruç (<---very interesting read, btw) completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.
Births
1620 – Jean Picard (no, not Jean-
Luc, this one's Jean-
Félix; 1816 – Paul Reuter (founded Reuters news agency); 1851 –
Sam Bass (old west outlaw); 1898 – Sara Carter (member of The Carter Family♪ ♫); 1899 – Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway; 1920 – Isaac Stern
; 1924 – Don Knotts; 1926 – Paul Burke, Norman Jewison, Bill Pertwee; 1935 – Kaye Stevens; 1938 – Les Aspin, 1938 – Janet Reno; 1943 – Edward Herrmann, Henry McCullough
; 1946 – Ken Starr; 1948 – Cat Stevens, Garry Trudeau (
Doonesbury); 1951 – Robin Williams; 1955 – Taco♪ ♫ (famous for 1984 cover of
Puttin' On the Ritz), Howie Epstein
; 1957 – Jon Lovitz; 1968 – Brandi Chastain; 1978 – Josh Hartnett; 1989 – Rory Culkin
Deaths
1796 – Robert Burns
; 1878 –
Sam Bass; 1938 – Owen Wister; 1944 – Claus von Stauffenberg; 1967 – Basil Rathbone; 1982 – Dave Garroway; 1998 – Alan Shepard; 1998 – Robert Young
; 2004 – Jerry Goldsmith♪ ♫; 2005 – Long John Baldry♪ ♫; 2015 – E. L. Doctorow