July 4
Today is
Independence Day in the United States of America.
At 4:24 p.m. today, the Earth will be at it's farthest point from the Sun, known as
aphelion of the Earth.
There are 180 days remaining in 2016.
1054 – A
supernova,
SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star
Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the
Crab Nebula.
1744 – The
Treaty of Lancaster, in which the Iroquois cedes lands between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River to the British colonies, was signed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
1776 – American Revolution: The
United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the
Second Continental Congress.
1802 – The
United States Military Academy at West Point, New York opens.
1803 – The
Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
1817 – In Rome, New York, construction on the
Erie Canal begins.
1826 –
Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States, dies the same day as
John Adams, second president of the United States, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence.
1831 –
Samuel Francis Smith writes
"My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
1837 –
Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.
1855 – In Brooklyn, New York City, the first edition of
Walt Whitman's book of poems,
Leaves of Grass, is published.
1862 –
Lewis Carroll tells
Alice Liddell a story that would grow into
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels.
1863 – American Civil War:
Siege of Vicksburg: Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege. One hundred fifty miles up the Mississippi River, a Confederate Army is repulsed at the
Battle of Helena, in Arkansas.
American Civil War: The
Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the
Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the
Southern invasion of the North.
1881 – In Alabama, the
Tuskegee Institute opens.
1886 – The people of France offer the
Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.
1892 – Western Samoa changes the
International Date Line. Monday, July 4 occurs twice, resulting in a year with 367 days.
1910 – African-American boxer
Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer
Jim Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match, sparking race riots across the United States.
1911 – A
massive heat wave strikes the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in eleven days and breaking temperature records in several cities.
1918 – Bolsheviks kill
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date).
1927 – First flight of the
Lockheed Vega.
1939 –
Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, informs a crowd at Yankee Stadium that he considers himself "The luckiest man on the face of the earth", then announces his retirement from major league baseball.
1943 – World War II: The
Battle of Kursk, the largest full-scale battle in history and the world's largest tank battle, begins in Prokhorovka village.
1950 –
Radio Free Europe first broadcasts.
1974 - Despite the fact that they have the No.4 song in the US with '
Rikki Don't Lose That Number' and a current Platinum album with '
Pretzel Logic',
Steely Dan's
Walter Becker and
Donald Fagan play their final gig together in Santa Monica, California. They will not tour again for the next eighteen years.
1976 -
The Clash made their live debut supporting the
Sex Pistols at the Black Swan, Sheffield, England.
1984 --
Richard Petty wins his 200th and final
NASCAR Winston cup race.
2000 - A man fell 80 feet to his death during a
Metallica concert at Raven Stadium, Baltimore.
2002 -
Tony Bennett had to abandon a show at London's
Royal Albert Hall after a fire broke out in the building. The audience were evacuated after smoke began to fill the hall.
2004 – The cornerstone of the
Freedom Tower is laid on the World Trade Center site in New York City.
2007 - Former laboratory worker Devon Townsend admitted to a court in Albuquerque, New Mexico of stalking
Chester Bennington lead singer with
Linkin Park. Townsend used US government computers to obtain his personal information, accessing Bennington's e-mail account and mobile phone voicemail. The court was told how she travelled to Arizona solely for the purpose of trying to see the singer and monitored his voicemails as a means of trying to locate where he might be eating.
2009 – The
Statue of Liberty's crown reopens to the public after eight years of closure due to security concerns following the
September 11 attacks.
Births
1804 – Nathaniel Hawthorne; 1816 – Hiram Walker (founded
Canadian club whiskey); 1826 – Stephen Foster; 1847 – James Anthony Bailey (co-founded
Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus); 1854 – Bill Tilghman (city marshal Dodge City, Kansas); 1872 – Calvin Coolidge; 1882 – Louis B. Mayer; 1883 – Rube Goldberg; 1902 – Meyer Lansky; 1911 – Mitch Miller; 1918 – Pauline Phillips (created
Dear Abby); 1920 – Leona Helmsley (The Queen of Mean); 1924 – Eva Marie Saint; 1927 – Gina Lollobrigida, Neil Simon; 1929 – Al Davis; 1930 – George Steinbrenner; 1931 – Stephen Boyd; 1938 – Bill Withers; 1943 – Geraldo Rivera, Alan Wilson; 1946 – Ron Kovic (subject
"Born On The Fourth Of July"), Michael Milken; 1952 – John Waite; 1962 – Pam Shriver; 1963 – Michael Sweet; 1964 – Mark Slaughter; 1971 – Koko (gorilla)
Deaths
1826 – John Adams (POTUS), Thomas Jefferson (POTUS); 1831 – James Monroe (POTUS); 1891 – Hannibal Hamlin (VPOTUS); 1934 – Marie Curie; 1991 – Art Sansom (created
The Born Loser comic strip); 1995 – Eva Gabor, Bob Ross; 1997 – Charles Kuralt; 2003 – Barry White; 2008 – Jesse Helms (and there was much rejoicing)