The Cellar

The Cellar (http://cellar.org/index.php)
-   Health (http://cellar.org/forumdisplay.php?f=33)
-   -   Science and faux-science (http://cellar.org/showthread.php?t=26822)

Lamplighter 02-05-2012 09:58 AM

Science and faux-science
 
Usually, I detest the way the media reports events in science to the general public, particularly medicine.
Most often, such reports strike me as "faux science" or the interpretation is far beyond justification.
But then every once in a while, an article in the news that strikes me as being important.
Time will say whether a given article is "for real" or is only "faux-science"

Here is one article I expect will turn out to be eventually real and significant...

NY Times (opinion)
By ANNIE MURPHY PAUL
Published: February 4, 2012

The Upside of Dyslexia
Quote:

<snip>
Dyslexia is a complex disorder, and there is much that is still not understood about it.
But a series of ingenious experiments have shown that many people with dyslexia
possess distinctive perceptual abilities.

For example, scientists have produced a growing body of evidence that people
with the condition have sharper peripheral vision than others.
Gadi Geiger and Jerome Lettvin, cognitive scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
used a mechanical shutter, called a tachistoscope, to briefly flash a
row of letters extending from the center of a subject’s field of vision out to its perimeter.
Typical readers identified the letters in the middle of the row with greater accuracy.
Those with dyslexia triumphed, however, when asked to identify letters located in the row’s outer reaches.

Mr. Geiger and Mr. Lettvin’s findings, which have been confirmed in several subsequent studies,
provide a striking demonstration of the fact that the brain separately processes information
that streams from the central and the peripheral areas of the visual field.
Moreover, these capacities appear to trade off: if you’re adept at focusing on details
located in the center of the visual field, which is key to reading,
you’re likely to be less proficient at recognizing features and patterns in the broad regions of the periphery.
<snip>

Whatever special abilities dyslexia may bestow, difficulty with reading still imposes a handicap.
Glib talk about appreciating dyslexia as a “gift” is unhelpful at best and patronizing at worst.
But identifying the distinctive aptitudes of those with dyslexia will permit us
to understand this condition more completely, and perhaps orient their education
in a direction that not only remediates weaknesses,
but builds on strengths.

regular.joe 02-05-2012 10:06 AM

Most of the things in my life that I thought were horrible and damning when I was younger have turned out to be assets in my maturity.

Clodfobble 02-05-2012 10:14 AM

Quote:

Glib talk about appreciating dyslexia as a “gift” is unhelpful at best and patronizing at worst.
This.

There are, however, vision therapists who can provide special glasses that actually have very carefully crafted prisms instead of normal lenses, basically spreading the peripheral part large and minimizing the center, and they can completely change the way certain individuals are able to see the world. Like, kids with severe dyslexia put on a pair designed for their unique visual field, and they can instantly read. It's cool stuff.

Griff 02-05-2012 10:44 AM

Hmmm... dyslexic kids prolly hit the curve ball better.

Gravdigr 02-05-2012 02:59 PM

I'm mildly dyslexic.

I just tried the peripheral vision thing, competing against both my parents. Mine is better than theirs.

Who'da thunk it?

Clodfobble 02-05-2012 03:28 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Clodfobble
spreading the peripheral part large and minimizing the center

I realized I have this backwards--they need the center spread out so they can see it more, and the peripheral gets shoved even smaller because they can already see it great.

classicman 02-05-2012 04:22 PM

I figured I read that wrong... Thanks for the correction.

Flint 02-05-2012 04:43 PM

I expect medicine of all disciplines will become increasingly specialized to the unique properties of individuals, and, I hope, to tailor an educational environment which zeroes in on each person's strongest use of their personal abilities and the skillset inherent to their makeup.

I wish I would have realized, before my 30s, that there is a condition called Asperger's, which is basically a super-power.

regular.joe 02-05-2012 05:09 PM

My son has Aspergers and yes it is a super power! He is awesome. Teachers though, I could talk for hours about a minority of teachers who do not understand what the fuck is going on.

Flint 02-05-2012 07:06 PM

I read some where that ADHD knows the rules, can't help breaking them, whereas Asperger's literally doesn't know the rules. Like, naïve to social cues. My wife has to tell me when girls are hitting on me. I just think people are being nice!

infinite monkey 02-05-2012 07:22 PM

Oh, hai. How you doin'? Listen, do you have the time? 'Cause I got the place.

I'm just being nice. :lol:

classicman 02-05-2012 09:16 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Flint (Post 793122)
My wife has to tell me when girls are hitting on me. I just think people are being nice!

Ha! ding ding ding... I have no clue either.

monster 02-05-2012 09:37 PM

But you also have no wife.....

classicman 02-05-2012 10:22 PM

Significant other. After 6 years... pretty close.

regular.joe 02-09-2012 10:05 PM

LOL you guys. Yea, my boy does not get many social cues. Smart as a whip, mature in many, many ways but totally misses the bus on some things. He's fine with himself and he knows he doesn't get what he doesn't get. He is honest as the day is long, loves structure, has a heart of gold. I wouldn't trade him for all the gold in the world.

ZenGum 02-10-2012 07:12 PM

A LOT of things that are dismissed as a "dis"order are only negative in the context of the demands of our present society.

Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder is loaded with judgement. Why not "shorter attention span, higher activity" (SASHA)? Must we drug them into conformity?

It makes sense for a species and especially for a society to have diversity. That enables specialisation, and that is the foundation of the success of our species.

Mind you, some varieties, such as sociopaths and psychopaths, are a problem for the rest of us. Mere difference alone is not a problem, but some kinds of difference are.

HungLikeJesus 02-10-2012 07:59 PM

But the anti-social types are useful when you need to invade another tribe's territory.

Griff 02-11-2012 09:27 AM

My days are spent helping kids to acclimate to the expectation of conformity our the Prussian American education system desires. I have very mixed feelings about it. If I don't help them develop their self control they will surely fail but it isn't fair at all that this is the system we use to teach kids. Modern society does not have reasonable expectations for us apes. We're expected to conform with non-family groups without a reasonable amount of exercise and play while digesting noxious foods. People are hyper-active, angry, depressed? Can't see why...

monster 02-12-2012 06:04 PM

I agree, Griff. And Zen. Escpecially as this conforming skill really isn't as necessary as people seemsto think it is in the adult world.

Lamplighter 08-23-2012 02:00 PM

Here's another one... but this one will eventually go in the waste basket.

Boston Globe
Deborah Kotz
August 23, 2012

Do men have biological clocks as new autism finding suggests?
Quote:

After reading news reports linking a baby’s risk of having autism
with the father’s -- not mother’s -- biological age,
I’m guessing women felt a little vindicated;
finally, researchers have acknowledged that we’re not
the only ones with a biological clock that’s ticking away.

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Nature,
found that the number of DNA changes or mutations increase with age
making it more likely for older fathers to pass along mutations
involved in autism or schizophrenia.

While a young 25-year-old father passes along an average
of 25 new mutations to his child via his sperm,
a 40-year-old transmits 65 mutations.
Moms, on the other hand, transmit an average of 15 new mutations
regardless of their age, the Icelandic researchers found.
And the connection with autism is... ???
... sale of stock in their DNA-sequencing company, and
... $ for U.S. grants in the pipeline for autism

Clodfobble 08-23-2012 02:33 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Lamplighter
... $ for U.S. grants in the pipeline for autism

People love to say shit like this (or better yet, that parents are seeking a diagnosis because then they get "access" to all this magical school funding that doesn't exist,) and it is completely wrong. From Autism Speaks:

Quote:

National Institutes of Health Funds Allocation

•Total 2011 NIH budget: $30.5 billion
•Of this, only $169 million goes directly to autism research. This represents 0.6% of total NIH funding.
Meanwhile, private giving is a drop in the bucket as well:

Quote:

Prevalence compared to Private Funding:
•Leukemia: Affects 1 in 1,200 / Funding: $277 million
•Muscular Dystrophy: Affects 1 in 100,000 / Funding: $162 million
•Pediatric AIDS: Affects 1 in 300 / Funding: $394 million
•Juvenile Diabetes: Affects 1 in 500 / Funding: $156 million
•Autism: Affects 1 in 88 / Funding: $79 million
Meanwhile, when you add up the costs of all those individuals who cannot live independently...

Quote:

•Autism costs the nation $137 billion per year

But nonetheless, you are right that this study actually has very little to do with autism, because autism is primarily environmental, not genetic. See multiple quotes from the pediatric neurologist in the article. The only "connection" is that many researchers are still desperate to prove otherwise.

Sundae 08-23-2012 02:49 PM

Re Aspergers:
Tiger understands most social rules under normal circumstances.
But if you disrupt a pattern which is important to him, he will react with according distress.

That person who pushed you out of the way and took your money from the ATM? That's Tiger's version of a child that came over and took a toy to play with when he had just settled them all into a sequence. He is justified in shouting and trying to snatch it back, so to shout at him in return is just confusing. Imagine a policeman seeing the theft and making out you were in the wrong. It's not making excuses or molly-coddling, there is logic in the reaction.

All autistic people are different. The above is just an example of why an autistic child might need an advocate in school. Although educated teachers help enormously.

Lamplighter 08-23-2012 04:45 PM

Quote:

People love to say shit like this
(or better yet, that parents are seeking a diagnosis because
then they get "access" to all this magical school funding
that doesn't exist,) and it is completely wrong.
From Autism Speaks:
Quote:

National Institutes of Health Funds Allocation

•Total 2011 NIH budget: $30.5 billion
•Of this, only $169 million goes directly to autism research.
This represents 0.6% of total NIH funding.

Come on, Clod...
Parents don't get $ from NIH research grants, and my post did not say anything like that.

We fully realize that parents of kids with any particular disease
feel that there is never enough research on their child's disease.
Unfortunately, they try to pit one disease against another.
Of course, then the parents of all the "other diseases" feel abused
that "their" disease is not getting enough, let alone a fair share.

"Only 0.6% of total NIH funding." is great preaching to the choir
in the autism community, but it doesn't carry weight within the medical research community,
and they are the ones that determine how $ is allocated among new research proposals.

By "pipeline", I'm referring to the increase in funding of research on autism that is occurring in NIH.
Here is a quote from NIMH (NIH) that shows what is happening with funding for autism research...

Quote:

NIH funding has increased markedly,
from $50 million in 2000 to $218 million (including $58 million
from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) in 2010.

NIMH has invested the largest fraction of NIH funding, contributing $120 million in 2010.
I haven't looked, but I seriously doubt that any other disease
has seen such a percent increase over such a short time period,
let alone expectations of further increase in the near future.

Research funding through NIH is based on the current status
or existing progress of new findings in the research community.
That progress must be scientifically valid, not wishful thinking,
for there to be new $ allocated to grants in the coming years.

That's the main reason I question the connection between
autism and the results of the study from Iceland.

Clodfobble 08-23-2012 07:18 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Lamplighter
I haven't looked, but I seriously doubt that any other disease has seen such a percent increase over such a short time period, let alone expectations of further increase in the near future.

Nor has any disease seen such an incidence increase over such a short period of time, which still far outstrips the money increase.

But many people will continue believing the lie that there is tons of research money (a whole pipeline's worth, even) just flooding in trying to solve this problem. It may not be nice to pit one disease against another, but that's exactly what the NIH budget is supposed to do. You give more money to the bigger (or more expensive) problems, but that's not what's happening here. It's poor fiscal management, as demonstrated by the amount of money the country is spending on people who already have the disease.

Yes, I do get your point. I just believe it's wrong. If Icelandic researchers are looking for easy money grants, they'd be more successful looking elsewhere.

Clodfobble 08-26-2012 10:04 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Clodfobble
But nonetheless, you are right that this study actually has very little to do with autism, because autism is primarily environmental, not genetic. See multiple quotes from the pediatric neurologist in the article. The only "connection" is that many researchers are still desperate to prove otherwise.

Quote:

Originally Posted by Lamplighter
That progress must be scientifically valid, not wishful thinking,

As someone who is interested in what is scientifically valid, and not wishful thinking, you may find this article to be of interest.

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/26/op...m.html?_r=1&hp

Lamplighter 08-26-2012 10:42 AM

Yes, I had already read it and thinking about posting about it... maybe later.

It certainly does belong in this thread. :rolleyes:

Griff 08-26-2012 11:12 AM

And really, if you spend enough time wading through the science, Dr. Parker’s idea — an ecosystem restoration project, essentially — not only fails to seem outrageous, but also seems inevitable.

Since time immemorial, a very specific community of organisms — microbes, parasites, some viruses — has aggregated to form the human superorganism. Mounds of evidence suggest that our immune system anticipates these inputs and that, when they go missing, the organism comes unhinged.


[tangent] This is a familiar pattern in modernity from agriculture through health care. I saw a TED Talk on fish farming in Spain where the "farm" was an enormous restored wetland the health of which is monitored by the health of the predatory flamingo and purity of the out-flowing water. Other fish farms feed waste proteins (mmmm... chicken parts) and pollute the water they use. The imbalance of modern life is killing us. [/tangent]

Do you know any parents going the hookworm route? I'm eating more raw/live foods and if my recent blood work is any indication my body prefers it.

Clodfobble 08-26-2012 01:37 PM

I know some who have done it, but only on national boards, not locally or in person. Which is to say, I know them about as well as I know most of the people here. I also know a couple who have done a fecal transplant themselves (without physician oversight,) for that matter, to restore an appropriate flora when diet plus full-strength probiotics and antibiotics just haven't been able to get the job done.

Lamplighter 07-21-2013 09:18 AM

As I moved through my career, one of my jobs took me into management training.
Some of this training included "role playing" exercises and small group dynamics.
Some of it was fun and silly, but I felt I learned a fair amount.
But then some of it would fit well into this thread about "faux science"

Here is an article today that intrigued me, and I'm curious how other Dwellars respond to it.

NY Times
ADAM GRANT
7/20/13

Why Men Need Women
WHAT makes some men miserly and others generous?

Here is the "experiment" that reminded me of my management training classes...
[I've snipped and re-arranged some parts to make it more readable here]
Quote:

To figure out what motivates people to act generously, Professor Van Lange
and three colleagues set up a game in which more than 600 people made choices
about sharing resources with someone they didn’t know and would never meet again.
The participants chose between these basic options:

(a) You get $25 and your partner gets $10.
(b) You get $20 and your partner gets $30.

The first option is the selfish one; you’re claiming most of the resources for yourself.
The latter option is more generous as it involves sacrificing a small amount ($5)
to increase your partner’s gains by a much larger amount ($20).

The players expressed consistent preferences in each of the nine rounds they played ....
You'll have to read the article for the results... ;)
But here is some more of the article.

Quote:

In a provocative new study, the researchers Michael Dahl, Cristian Dezso and David Gaddis Ross
examined generosity and what inspires it in wealthy men.

New evidence reveals a surprising answer.
The mere presence of female family members — even infants —
can be enough to nudge men in the generous direction.

Daughters apparently soften fathers and evoke more caretaking tendencies.
The speculation is that as we brush our daughters’ hair and take them to dance classes,
we become gentler, more empathetic and more other-oriented.

There are even studies showing that American legislators with daughters vote more liberally;
this is also true of British male voters who have daughters, especially
in terms of referendum and policy choices about reproductive rights.

Is it possible that proximity to infant girls prompts greater generosity?
I found the article interesting, despite the use of Bill Gates as the lead example. :rolleyes:

4802

DanaC 07-21-2013 10:10 AM

My bullshitometer is ringing like a mother fucker.

xoxoxoBruce 07-21-2013 11:46 AM

Since China killed off so many girl babies, they bear watching.

sexobon 07-21-2013 01:31 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by DanaC (Post 871144)
My bullshitometer is ringing like a mother fucker.

It's not so bad. Lamp's intro here, limited by space, doesn't reveal that the author has a generally healthy perspective on the notions he presents. He's just bringing into the limelight that generosity, when done strategically, can be good business often resulting in higher yields than the "I got mine, you get yours" approach. He speculates about gender relationships (especially familial, he has a wife and two daughters) influencing the acceptability of that strategy. Other influences are beyond the scope of this focused piece.

If you want to get inside the author's head, there's more insight into him here.

xoxoxoBruce 07-21-2013 02:31 PM

Ah, dat splain it. It would be nice to think he's part of a new wave of good guys about to wash over society, but I doubt it. He's right about being helpful is it's own reward, but I know people who have tried and been burnt, making them very bitter. I think people have to discover their level of comfort getting involved with other peoples troubles.


All times are GMT -5. The time now is 11:39 AM.

Powered by: vBulletin Version 3.8.1
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.