Affirmative Action Unnecessary?

[glatt]

I still don't see how that proves that any one decision maker in a business was guilty of discriminating. If you are talking about "sets of jobs" then you aren't comparing two different people with identical qualifications for one position.

All you end up being able to say is that black sounding names tended to be overlooked among multiple employers more than white sounding names. There's no smoking gun in any one place. It's a sort of semi-blame spread out over a large number of entities.